Pop-up promotions experienced a remarkable surge in the late 1990s and early 2000s, initially offering a seemingly easy way for companies to reach a wide audience. Driven by their noticeable visibility, these intrusive displays became ubiquitous across the web , generating substantial revenue for publishers and advertisers . However, user annoyance

The pervasive nature of ad fraud poses a significant challenge to the digital advertising industry. This comparative analysis banner ads checklist examines the diverse tactics employed by fraudsters and unveils their consequences on advertisers, publishers, and consumers. By contrasting various illegitimate practices across different platforms and